Aufgabe I
Aufgabenstellung
Describe the situation in the car.
Compare the characters in the text at hand with Jende and Neni in Behold the Dreamers as people who have come to live in the U.S.
Choose one of the following tasks:
You are taking part in an international workshop titled “Education and Migration.” For the workshop website, you are asked to write an article discussing the quote that “a degree is just a single piece of paper” (l. 32).
Write the article.
or
Comment on the following statement by the author Nitin Namdeo: “Focusing on yourself does not mean that you are selfish, but it means that you care about your life and goals.” Also refer to the text at hand and the novel Behold the Dreamers.
Material
Text: Excerpt from Meron Hadero, “Medallion” (2022)
¹ Barbados – an island country in the Caribbean
² Nelson Mandela – an activist who fought against racial segregation and later became the first Black president of South Africa
³ Rodney – Rodney King, a famous African-American victim of police brutality
⁴ OJ – OJ Simpson, an African-American professional football player and actor convicted of several crimes
(798 words)
Quelle: Meron Hadero. “Medallion.” A Down Home Meal for These Difficult Times. New York: Restless, 2022. 91-94.
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Bobby drives Yohannes through L.A. in his taxi, while Yohannes notices the cost of the fare climb steadily
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due to traffic and layout of roads Yohannes only gets a fleeting impression of L.A.
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Bobby starts conversation about different topics without letting Yohannes get a word in at first
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Yohannes explains he is pursuing his engineering degree
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Bobby questions necessity of a degree
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Bobby talks about wealth and fame and their links to success as a Black person in the U.S.
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Bobby advises self-employment, warning of risk of working hard without progress
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Yohannes asks himself whether life in the U.S. means constant self-reliance and isolation
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observing the monotonous city scenery rushing by, Yohannes has the impression of not making any progress
mögliche inhaltliche Aspekte:
similarities
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family support: Yohannes given money for cab (“Nunu had left sixty-five dollars in an envelope under her welcome mat,” l. 3); Jende and Neni Jonga supported by Jende’s cousin Winston, who helps him to get a job and with the asylum process in Behold the Dreamers
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employment in service sector: Bobby working as taxi driver (“the driver introduced himself, Bobby B. from Barbados,” l. 16); Jende working as chauffeur
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naïve concept of value of American money: Yohannes thinking he has been given large sum of money (“which sounded like a small fortune […] until Yohannes asked a cabbie in line to quote the cost of his trip,” ll. 3-5); the Jongas believing they can save enough money to secure their lives in New York City
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money being an issue: Yohannes scared he cannot pay taxi fare (“anxiously watched the meter tick higher and higher,” l. 13); Neni working as nanny even though she is heavily pregnant
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high expectations of the U.S.: Yohannes having idealized image from movies (“whether L.A. was as chic as he’d imagined from the movies,” ll. 11f.); Jende expecting clear path to prosperity, enabling him to send money back home to Cameroon
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disillusionment with the U.S.: Bobby being frustrated with the limited chances for economic success (“You think you’re making your way up, but you are not,” ll. 57f.); Yohannes sensing his expectations might not be fulfilled (“he already could feel that sensation of speeding ahead and getting nowhere at all,” ll. 60f.); when experiencing the harsh realities of the Great Recession, Jende’s image of the U.S. shifting dramatically
differences
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attitude towards education: Yohannes wanting a university degree in physics (“‘I am here for school,’” l. 26); Neni wanting to become a pharmacist; Bobby ridiculing higher education (“A degree is just a single piece of paper,” l. 32)
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stance on relationships: Bobby thinking everyone should look after themselves (“I got no wife, I got no one to answer to but me,” ll. 50f.); the Jongas leading proper family life
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work arrangement: Bobby advising Yohannes to work self-sufficiently (“‘you should work for yourself […]. Like me, I got no boss,’” ll. 48-50); Jende and Neni working for other people
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beneficiary of efforts/actions: Yohannes wanting an education for himself (“He’d done his first year of his bachelor’s in physics back home and would finish up here,” ll. 41f.); Bobby working to improve his economic situation (“you should get yourself rich,” l. 48); Jende wanting to provide for his family in New York and back home; Jende wanting Neni to finish her studies
→ Despite their differences, all the characters share a deep belief in the promise of the American Dream, a strong determination to improve their lives but also some form of disappointment with the realities of life in the U.S.
mögliche inhaltliche Aspekte:
explanation of the statement: a diploma alone does not guarantee real knowledge, skill, or success
arguments supporting the statement
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migrants’ degrees (from their home countries) are often not recognized and undervalued in new country
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degrees can fail to translate into opportunity if other necessary qualifications are missing (e.g. language proficiency)
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migrants can still be fully integrated into society without any degrees
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migrants can gain expertise, language skills, or even successful careers without formal degrees (e.g. entrepreneurs, artists, athletes)
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degrees do not always keep pace with rapidly changing job markets, where other skills may matter more
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as more people earn degrees, the credential may lose its distinctiveness, making it less meaningful on its own
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as AI use increases, the need for a degree might become less relevant
arguments opposing the statement
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many careers require formal degrees by law or regulation (e.g. migrants may depend on degrees in order to be eligible to work/study)
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language certificates can be prerequisites for migrants to apply for further qualifications
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a degree provides a person with pride, a sense of achievement, identity, and a sense of continuity in a new environment
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degrees can be door-opening turning points in one’s life (e.g. a foreign student deciding to settle in the host country)
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degrees represent years of effort, structured learning, and verified mastery of a subject
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degrees act as a trusted filter for employers, showing commitment, discipline, and basic knowledge (especially in an age in which AI can generate fake resumes and simulate expertise, a degree proves authentic achievement and credibility)
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being an alumnus can provide networks, mentorship, and opportunities that often have lifelong value
mögliche inhaltliche Aspekte:
explanation of the statement: concentrating on yourself is not a sign of egoism but rather a character trait that reflects a commitment to yourself and your ambitions
possible aspects to be considered
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prioritizing your own goals can lead to securing employment and achieving success (e.g. Bobby earning his money independently as taxi driver in text at hand; Jende and Neni Jonga working night and day earning money for their family in Behold the Dreamers)
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focusing on yourself can harm the people around you (e.g. Clark neglecting his family in Dreamers)
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behavior may be shaped by images such as the American Dream (e.g. Yohannes dreaming to pursue an engineering career in the U.S. in text at hand; Neni’s efforts to study quickly to become a pharmacist)
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degree of self-focus might depend on
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personal freedom (e.g. Neni having to look after her children instead of studying)
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expectations or pressure (e.g. the Jongas’ family in Cameroon expecting to receive money from Jende and Neni)
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support provided by school, parents, peers
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availability of role models guiding you (e.g. sport)
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opportunities to learn / access to education to commit to your goals
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personal goals can be altruistic (e.g. supporting charity organizations)
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recognizing self-focus can foster self-awareness and self-acceptance
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self-care is essential for mental and emotional well-being (e.g. balancing stress, following mindfulness)